![]() ![]() ![]() Mostly ceremonial heads of state (constitutional monarchs, viceroys and presidents in parliamentary republics) with residual substantive reserve powers over the armed forces, acting under normal circumstances on the constitutional advice of chief executives with the political mandate to undertake discretionary decision-making.Īccording to the Constitution of Albania, the president of the Republic of Albania is the commander-in-chief of Albanian Armed Forces.Īrgentina Argentine president Carlos Menem presiding over an Argentine Air Force ceremony for the Falklands War in May 1997.Are chief executives with the political mandate to undertake discretionary decision-making, including command of the armed forces.The term is also used for officers who hold authority over an individual military branch, special branch or within a theatre of operations. The term is also used for military officers who hold such power and authority, not always through dictatorship, and as a subordinate (usually) to a head of state (see Generalissimo). Governors-general and colonial governors are also often appointed commander-in-chief of the military forces within their territory.Ī commander in chief is sometimes referred to as supreme commander, which is sometimes used as a specific term. In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is ultimately dependent upon the will of the legislature although the legislature does not issue orders directly to the armed forces and therefore does not control the military in any operational sense. A nation's head of state (monarchical or republican) usually holds the position of commander-in-chief, even if effective executive power is held by a separate head of government. In English use, the term was first used during the English Civil War. The formal role and title of a ruler commanding the armed forces derives from Imperator of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, who possessed imperium (command and other regal) powers. As a technical term, it refers to military competencies that reside in a country's executive leadership, a head of state, head of government, or other designated government official. For other uses, see CINC (disambiguation) and Commander in Chief (disambiguation).Ī commander in chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch. Pursuant to Russia's international obligations concerning the introduction of martial law, the President shall notify the UN Secretary General and inform the Council of Europe about any deviation from Russia's obligations under international treaties resulting from temporary restrictions on the rights and liberties of Russian citizens."CINC" redirects here. If the Federation Council rejects the President's decree, such a decree is terminated the day after this resolution is passed by the Federation Council. Under the Constitution, the approval of a presidential decree on the introduction of martial law falls under the jurisdiction of the Federation Council. The legal basis of martial law is defined in the federal constitutional law ”On Martial Law“ of January 30, 2002. Under the Constitution, the President is vested with the exclusive right to impose martial law. The President issues annual decrees concerning the draft and the reserves, and signs international treaties on joint defense and military cooperation. The Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff are directly subordinate to the President. The head of state also endorses all arms-related regulations and the regulations of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff. In exercising political supervision of the Armed Forces, the President, as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, endorses the Military Doctrine of Russia, the concept and plans for building the Armed Forces, economic mobilization plans, civil defense plans and other laws and regulations involving military organization. The President's powers as Commander-in-Chief are determined in the federal law ”On Defense“ (Articles 4 and 13). In peacetime, the head of state exercises general political supervision of the Armed Forces, while in wartime he oversees the defense of the state and its Armed Forces in warding off agression. Today the President of Russia is also authorized to head the Armed Forces. ![]() Both in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the Soviet period, the head of state traditionally has been the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. ![]()
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